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Kadr xidmətlərinin inkişaf tarixi, əhalinin mütəşəkkil təşkil edilmiş məşğulluq xidmətlərinin inkişafı ilə sıx bağlıdır. Qərbi Avropa ölkələrində bu cür xidmətlərin yaranması kütləvi işsizliklə əlaqədar idi. İlk vaxtlar kadrlar üzrə xidmətlər özlüyündə həmkarlar ittifaqları və sahibkarlar ittifaqları tərəfindən həyata keçirilən əmək vasitəçiliyi orqanlarının məcmusu idi. Sonralar dövlət işədüzəltmə orqanları – işədüzəltmə üzrə əmək birjası, agentliyi və idarələri ortaya çıxdı.
Fransada, məsələn, ilk dövlət əmək birjası 1897-da yaradılıb, İngiltərədə 25 min və daha çox əhalisi olan şəhərlərdə hökumət əmək birjalarının təşkili haqqında qanun 1909-cu ildə, çar Rusiyasında isə 1917-ci ilin avqust ayında qəbul edilmişdi. Sovet hakimiyyəti dövründə işçi qüvvəsinin dövlət bölgüsünün təşkil edilməsi işə düzəlmə xidmətinin yaradılması ilə başlandı, bu xidmətin əsas halqaları Sovnarkomun dekreti üzrə əmək birjaları idi. Onlar iş axtaran bütün vətəndaşları və bütün vakant iş yerlərini qeydiyyatdan keçirirdilər; sosial sığorta və işsizliyə görə müavinətlərin ödənilməsi ilə məşğul olurdular; muzdla vasitəçilik xidmətləri göstərirdilər; əmək konyunkturasının statistikasını aparırdılar; yerli əmək bazarının vəziyyəti haqqında bülletenlər və s. nəşr edirdilər.
Sosialist dövlətinin bütün tarixi ərzində əhalinin işlə təmin edilməsi orqanları və müəssisə və təşkilatların kadr üzrə xidmətləri bir-birini əvəzləyən və tamamlayan, vahid bir dövlət vəzifəsini həll etməklə məşğul idilər - xalq təsərrüfatı sahələrini zəruri kadrlarla təmin etmək kimi xüsusi kadr siyasəti ilə məşğul olmuşlar.
Bazar münasibətlərinin inkişafı və yetişmiş problemlərin qlobal xarakteri insan resurslarının idarə edilməsi sistemi, təşkilatın strukturu, informasiyanın ötürülməsi üsulları, təşkilati mədəniyyət və s. kimi aspektlər də daxil olmaqla, istənilən təşkilatın fəaliyyətinə əhəmiyyətli təsir göstərir. İnsan resurslarının idarə edilməsinin aşağı effektivliyinin səbəblərindən biri kadr təminatı və kadr xidmətlərinin bazar şəraitinə uyğun olmayan fəaliyyətidir.
İqtisadiyyatın mərkəzləşdirilmiş idarəetmə sistemi zəiflədikcə, təşkilatlar qarşısında insan resurslarının idarə olunması ilə bağlı prinsipial olaraq yeni vəzifələr ortaya çıxırdı.
